Linux部署Nginx流程
安装依赖
编译工具及库文件
yum -y install make zlib zlib-devel gcc-c++ libtool openssl openssl-devel
安装PCRE
PCRE
作用是让Nginx
支持Rewrite
功能
PCRE
安装包下载地址:
https://sourceforge.net/projects/pcre/files/pcre/
选择对应版本下载即可
下载PCRE安装包
cd /usr/local/src/
wget http://downloads.sourceforge.net/project/pcre/pcre/8.45/pcre-8.45.tar.gz
解压安装包并进入目录
tar -zxvf pcre-8.45.tar.gz
cd pcre-8.45
编译安装
./configure
make && make install
验证安装
pcre-config --version
可能遇到的问题
安装完成之后有可能找不到命令,查看编译安装时的默认安装目录,将其添加到Linux
环境变量PATH
即可
创建管理Nginx的用户和组
创建
nginx
运行用户nginx
并加入到nginx
组,不允许nginx
用户直接登录系统
groupadd nginx
useradd -g nginx nginx -s /sbin/nologin
安装Nginx
下载安装包
Nginx
下载地址:
http://nginx.org/en/download.html
没有特殊需求的话,选择Stable version
稳定版下载即可
cd /usr/local/src/
wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.20.1.tar.gz
解压安装包并进入目录
tar -zxvf nginx-1.20.1
cd nginx-1.20.1
编译安装
./configure \
--prefix=/usr/local/nginx \
--user=nginx --group=nginx \
--pid-path=/var/run/nginx/nginx.pid \
--lock-path=/var/lock/nginx.lock \
--error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/error.log \
--http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log \
--with-http_gzip_static_module \
--http-client-body-temp-path=/var/temp/nginx/client \
--http-proxy-temp-path=/var/temp/nginx/proxy \
--http-fastcgi-temp-path=/var/temp/nginx/fastcgi \
--http-uwsgi-temp-path=/var/temp/nginx/uwsgi \
--http-scgi-temp-path=/var/temp/nginx/scgi \
--with-http_stub_status_module \
--with-http_ssl_module \
--with-http_realip_module
make && make install
优化Nginx程序的执行路径
添加软连接到环境变量PATH
目录下
ln -s /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx /usr/local/sbin/
添加软连接之后即可直接使用nginx
命令启动操作Nginx
nginx
nginx -s reload #重启(修改配置文件后重新加载等)
nginx -s quit #退出(处理完所有请求后结束进程)
nginx -s stop #停止(直接结束进程)
测试安装
nginx -t
如果报错,一般是缺少配置路径中的文件夹,使用mkdir -p
创建即可
修改之后,正常的提示为:
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
配置开机启动
创建启动脚本
vi /etc/init.d/nginx
脚本内容:
我这里是修改过的,也可以去官网复制。官网脚本连接
要注意从官网直接复制的需要修改几处地方,否则运行报错。
- nginx变量的值要改成nginx程序的实际安装路径
- NGINX_CONF_FILE变量的值要改成nginx配置文件的路径
- lockfile变量的值要改成实际的lockfile文件路径
#!/bin/sh
#
# nginx - this script starts and stops the nginx daemon
#
# chkconfig: - 85 15
# description: NGINX is an HTTP(S) server, HTTP(S) reverse \
# proxy and IMAP/POP3 proxy server
# processname: nginx
# config: /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
# config: /etc/sysconfig/nginx
# pidfile: /var/run/nginx.pid
# Source function library.
. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions
# Source networking configuration.
. /etc/sysconfig/network
# Check that networking is up.
[ "$NETWORKING" = "no" ] && exit 0
nginx="/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx"
prog=$(basename $nginx)
NGINX_CONF_FILE="/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf"
[ -f /etc/sysconfig/nginx ] && . /etc/sysconfig/nginx
lockfile=/var/lock/nginx.lock
make_dirs() {
# make required directories
user=`$nginx -V 2>&1 | grep "configure arguments:.*--user=" | sed 's/[^*]*--user=\([^ ]*\).*/\1/g' -`
if [ -n "$user" ]; then
if [ -z "`grep $user /etc/passwd`" ]; then
useradd -M -s /bin/nologin $user
fi
options=`$nginx -V 2>&1 | grep 'configure arguments:'`
for opt in $options; do
if [ `echo $opt | grep '.*-temp-path'` ]; then
value=`echo $opt | cut -d "=" -f 2`
if [ ! -d "$value" ]; then
# echo "creating" $value
mkdir -p $value && chown -R $user $value
fi
fi
done
fi
}
start() {
[ -x $nginx ] || exit 5
[ -f $NGINX_CONF_FILE ] || exit 6
make_dirs
echo -n $"Starting $prog: "
daemon $nginx -c $NGINX_CONF_FILE
retval=$?
echo
[ $retval -eq 0 ] && touch $lockfile
return $retval
}
stop() {
echo -n $"Stopping $prog: "
killproc $prog -QUIT
retval=$?
echo
[ $retval -eq 0 ] && rm -f $lockfile
return $retval
}
restart() {
configtest || return $?
stop
sleep 1
start
}
reload() {
configtest || return $?
echo -n $"Reloading $prog: "
killproc $prog -HUP
retval=$?
echo
}
force_reload() {
restart
}
configtest() {
$nginx -t -c $NGINX_CONF_FILE
}
rh_status() {
status $prog
}
rh_status_q() {
rh_status >/dev/null 2>&1
}
case "$1" in
start)
rh_status_q && exit 0
$1
;;
stop)
rh_status_q || exit 0
$1
;;
restart|configtest)
$1
;;
reload)
rh_status_q || exit 7
$1
;;
force-reload)
force_reload
;;
status)
rh_status
;;
condrestart|try-restart)
rh_status_q || exit 0
;;
*)
echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop|status|restart|condrestart|try-restart|reload|force-reload|configtest}"
exit 2
esac
修改脚本权限
cd /etc/init.d/
chmod 755 nginx
这个脚本可用来直接操作Nginx,直接执行脚本会提示需要输入
将Nginx加入到系统服务中
chkconfig --add nginx
设为开机启动
chkconfig nginx on
重启系统后生效
重启后,即可使用systemctl
命令管理nginx
服务
systemctl status nginx.service
systemctl start nginx.service
systemctl stop nginx.service
可能遇到的问题
如果使用 命令查看nginx
服务状态时的提示:
● nginx.service - SYSV: NGINX is an HTTP(S) server, HTTP(S) reverse proxy and IMAP/POP3 proxy server
Loaded: loaded (/etc/rc.d/init.d/nginx; generated)
Active: inactive (dead)
Docs: man:systemd-sysv-generator(8)
是因为系统安装了httpd
,卸载即可
yum remove httpd -y
验证安装
执行
curl 127.0.0.1
从返回结果中可以看到,成功拿到Nginx
的默认页面了,安装成功
也可以在外网通过服务IP访问,需要注意Linux防火墙、云服务器出站入站规则等限制
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Welcome to nginx!</title>
<style>
body {
width: 35em;
margin: 0 auto;
font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Welcome to nginx!</h1>
<p>If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and
working. Further configuration is required.</p>
<p>For online documentation and support please refer to
<a href="http://nginx.org/">nginx.org</a>.<br/>
Commercial support is available at
<a href="http://nginx.com/">nginx.com</a>.</p>
<p><em>Thank you for using nginx.</em></p>
</body>
</html>